The characteristic quivering abdomen caused by movement of within a pregnant female Ovoviviparity, ovovivipary, ovivipary, or aplacental viviparity is a mode of reproduction in in which that develop inside remain in the mother's body until they are ready to hatch. This method of reproduction is similar to, but the embryos have no placental connection with the mother and receive their nourishment from a. In some species, this is supplemented by uterine secretions or other maternal provisioning. The young of ovoviviparous are sometimes born as larvae, and undergo outside the body of the mother, and in some insect species, such as the, the embryos develop to the first larval stage before they are laid and the eggs hatch almost immediately. Contents • • • • Ovoviviparity [ ] Ovoviviparous animals are similar to species in which there is and the young ones are born alive, but differ in that there is no connection and the unborn young ones are nourished by; the mother's body does provide (). In some species, the internally developing embryos rely solely on. This is known as 'yolk-sac viviparity' and is regarded as a type of lecithotrophy (no maternal provisioning).

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Other species exhibit, in which the embryo exhausts its yolk supply early in and mother provides additional nutrition. This additional provisioning may be in the form of unfertilized eggs (intrauterine ), uterine secretions () or it may be delivered through a. The first two of these modes were categorized under histotroph, or aplacental viviparity. Amphibians [ ]. Further information: The young of ovoviviparous are sometimes born as, and undergo outside the body of the mother. Include based on relations between and parents: • Ovuliparity: external fertilisation, as in arthropods, many bony fishes, and most • Oviparity: internal fertilisation, where the female lays zygotes as eggs with important vitellus (typically birds) • Ovo-viviparity can be thought of as a form of oviparity where the zygotes are retained in the female's body or in the male's body, but there are no trophic interactions between zygote and parents. This is found in.

In, zygotes remain in the male's ventral 'marsupium'. In the frog, the zygotes develop in the vocal sac. In the frog, zygotes develop in the stomach. Ovolarviparity [ ] Some insects, notably, are ovolarviparous, which means that the embryos develop into the first larval stage () within the eggs while still in the female's. As a result, the larvae hatch more rapidly, sometimes immediately after egg deposition, and can begin feeding right away.

A similar phenomenon is larviparity, in which larvae hatch before the female delivers them, although this may be mistakenly identified in species with very thin and transparent egg membranes. References [ ].

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